Manejo anestésico de la tiroidectomía endoscópica transoral. Reporte de un caso / Anaesthetic management of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy. A case report

La tiroidectomía endoscópica transoral por abordaje vestibular (TOETVA) constituye un procedimiento novedoso y mínimamente invasivo, libre de cicatrices visibles y que presenta resultados alentadores en cuanto a la rápida recuperación y menor dolor posoperatorio. Consiste en realizar la tiroidectomía a través de su orificio natural, empleando tres puertos en el área oral vestibular y llevando a cabo una disección cuidadosa hasta la muesca esternal y los bordes de ambos músculos esternocleidomastoideos. El objetivo es describir las diferentes implicaciones anestésicas que conlleva esta técnica quirúrgica, dado que la evidencia publicada hasta la fecha en la literatura es muy limitada. Se considera esencial la monitorización del nervio laríngeo recurrente mediante tubo endotraqueal con electromiografía para garantizar su identificación e integridad, así como la utilización de otros monitores como el TOF-watch o el índice biespectral para asegurar una adecuada profundidad anestésica y un óptimo nivel de relajación muscular.(AU)

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel and minimally invasive procedure, free of visible scars and showing encouraging results in terms of rapid recovery and less postoperative pain. It consists of performing the thyroidectomy through its natural orifice, using three ports in the oral vestibular area and carrying out a careful dissection to the sternal notch and the edges of both sternocleidomastoid muscles. The objective of this article is to describe the different anesthetic implications that this surgical technique entails, given that the evidence published to date in the literature is very limited. It is considered essential to control the recurrent laryngeal nerve using an endotracheal tube with electromyography to ensure its identification and integrity, as well as the use of other monitors such as the TOF watch or the bispectral index to ensure adequate anesthetic depth and an optimal level of muscle relaxation.(AU)

Anaesthetic management of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy. A case report. / Manejo anestésico de la tiroidectomía endoscópica transoral. Reporte de un caso.

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel and minimally invasive procedure, free of visible scars and showing encouraging results in terms of rapid recovery and less postoperative pain. It consists of performing the thyroidectomy through its natural orifice, using three ports in the oral vestibular area and carrying out a careful dissection to the sternal notch and the edges of both sternocleidomastoid muscles. The objective of this article is to describe the different anesthetic implications that this surgical technique entails, given that the evidence published to date in the literature is very limited. It is considered essential to control the recurrent laryngeal nerve using an endotracheal tube with electromyography to ensure its identification and integrity, as well as the use of other monitors such as the TOF watch or the bispectral index to ensure adequate anesthetic depth and an optimal level of muscle relaxation.

Consideraciones para anestesia general en la enfermedad de CADASIL / General anesthesia considerations in CADASIL disease

La enfermedad de CADASIL (arteriopatía cerebral autosómica dominante con infartos subcorticales y leucoencefalopatía) es una angiopatía sistémica hereditaria que afecta fundamentalmente a los vasos cerebrales de pequeño y mediano calibre. Alrededor de 500 familias están afectadas en el mundo, la mayoría de ellas en Europa. Se caracteriza por presentar crisis de migraña, demencia subcortical, trastornos neuropsiquiátricos e ictus isquémicos de repetición. Nuestro objetivo ha sido describir por primera vez en la literatura el manejo mediante anestesia general de un procedimiento neuroquirúrgico intracraneal en un paciente con la enfermedad de CADASIL. Consideramos esencial la monitorización continua de la presión arterial, así como el mantenimiento de normocapnia y normotermia para evitar el desarrollo de nuevos accidentes cerebrovasculares. Esta enfermedad resulta relevante debido a sus implicaciones anestésicas y las escasas publicaciones hasta la fecha

CADASIL (cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) disease is an inherited systemic arterial disease that affects the small and medium calibre cerebral vessels. Around 500 families are affected in the world, most of them in Europe. It is characterised by migraine attacks, subcortical dementia, neuropsychiatric disorders, and recurrent ischaemic strokes. The objective of this article is to describe, for the first time in the literature, the management by general anaesthesia of an intracranial neurosurgical procedure in a patient with CADASIL disease. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure is considered essential, as well as the maintenance of normocapnia and normothermia to avoid the development of new cerebrovascular accidents. This disease is relevant due to its anaesthetic implications and the few publications to date

A propósito de una intervención para disminuir el dolor a pacientes con quemaduras de segundo grado intermedio-superficiales / Intervention to reduce pain in patients with superficial and intermediate second degree burns

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General anesthesia considerations in CADASIL disease. / Consideraciones para anestesia general en la enfermedad de CADASIL.

CADASIL (cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) disease is an inherited systemic arterial disease that affects the small and medium calibre cerebral vessels. Around 500 families are affected in the world, most of them in Europe. It is characterised by migraine attacks, subcortical dementia, neuropsychiatric disorders, and recurrent ischaemic strokes. The objective of this article is to describe, for the first time in the literature, the management by general anaesthesia of an intracranial neurosurgical procedure in a patient with CADASIL disease. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure is considered essential, as well as the maintenance of normocapnia and normothermia to avoid the development of new cerebrovascular accidents. This disease is relevant due to its anaesthetic implications and the few publications to date.

Gran absceso intracardiaco secundario a endocarditis sobre válvula aórtica protésica / Great intracardiac abscess secondary to prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis

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Isquemia medular tras reparación endovascular de aneurisma torácico / Spinal cord ischaemia after endovascular thoracic aneurysm repair

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Manejo anestésico en la extirpación de una tumoración intrarraquídea cervical con monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en una paciente gestante de 29 semanas / Anaesthetic management of excision of a cervical intraspinal tumor with intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in a pregnant woman at 29 weeks

La monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria se emplea para vigilar la función nerviosa, evitando lesiones neurológicas durante la cirugía y disminuyendo la morbilidad; esto la ha convertido en imprescindible para algunas intervenciones de neurocirugía. La baja incidencia de procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos en mujeres gestantes hace que la experiencia de la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria esté limitada a algún caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de una gestante de 29 semanas con un tumor intrarraquídeo cervical con evolución aguda que precisó cirugía. La participación de un equipo multidisciplinar compuesto por anestesiólogos, neurocirujanos, neurofisiólogos y obstetras, la monitorización fetal continua, la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria y el mantenimiento de las variables neurofisiológicas y uteroplacentarias fueron clave para el buen desarrollo de la cirugía. Bajo nuestra experiencia, así como en la escasa literatura publicada, no observamos efectos perjudiciales de esta técnica a nivel maternofetal, aportando importantes beneficios durante la cirugía y en su resultado final (AU)

The intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is a technique used to test and monitor nervous function. This technique has become essential in some neurosurgery interventions, since it avoids neurological injuries during surgery and reduces morbidity. The experience of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is limited in some clinical cases due to the low incidence of pregnant women undergoing a surgical procedure. A case is presented of a 29-weeks pregnant woman suffering from a cervical intraspinal tumour with intense pain, which required surgery. The collaboration of a multidisciplinary team composed of anaesthesiologists, neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists and obstetricians, the continuous monitoring of the foetus, the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, and maintaining the neurophysiological and utero-placental variables were crucial for the proper development of the surgery. According to our experience and the limited publications in the literature, no damaging effects of this technique were detected at maternal-foetal level. On the contrary, it brings important benefits during the surgery and for the final result (AU)

[Anaesthetic management of excision of a cervical intraspinal tumor with intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in a pregnant woman at 29 weeks]. / Manejo anestésico en la extirpación de una tumoración intrarraquídea cervical con monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en una paciente gestante de 29 semanas.

The intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is a technique used to test and monitor nervous function. This technique has become essential in some neurosurgery interventions, since it avoids neurological injuries during surgery and reduces morbidity. The experience of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is limited in some clinical cases due to the low incidence of pregnant women undergoing a surgical procedure. A case is presented of a 29-weeks pregnant woman suffering from a cervical intraspinal tumour with intense pain, which required surgery. The collaboration of a multidisciplinary team composed of anaesthesiologists, neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists and obstetricians, the continuous monitoring of the foetus, the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, and maintaining the neurophysiological and utero-placental variables were crucial for the proper development of the surgery. According to our experience and the limited publications in the literature, no damaging effects of this technique were detected at maternal-foetal level. On the contrary, it brings important benefits during the surgery and for the final result.

Herida por arma blanca intracraneal transoral con invasión de la vía aérea / Trans-oral intracranial stab wound with airway invasion

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Réplica a «Comentarios al artículo 'Extubación accidental intraoperatoria en una paciente con síndrome de Treacher Collins: utilidad del videolaringoscopio GlideScope(R)' / Reply to the letter on the article «Comment to the article: 'Unintended intraoperative extubation in a patient with Treacher Collins syndrome: usefullness of GlideScope(R) videolaryngoscope'

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Consideraciones perioperatorias para la realización de una biopsia cerebral en un paciente con enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob esporádica subtipo VV2 / Perioperative considerations for performing a brain biopsy on a patient with subtype VV2 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ) es la encefalopatía espongiforme transmisible más común. Consiste en una afección neurológica infecciosa, progresiva y degenerativa, con un periodo de incubación presumiblemente prolongado, pero un curso rápidamente fatal. La ECJ es transmitada por un agente infeccioso proteico o «prion». Dado que los priones son difíciles de erradicar y son resistentes a los métodos de esterilización actualmente empleados, se deben tomar precauciones especiales con los instrumentos quirúrgicos. Se recomiendan equipos de un solo uso, destrucción del equipo contaminado, descontaminación de los instrumentos reutilizables, uso de ropa de protección, y almacenamiento y puesta en cuarentena de los instrumentos quirúrgicos. El equipo de un solo uso y algunos tejidos y fluidos corporales del paciente con ECJ son altamente infecciosos y deben ser incinerados. Se presenta un caso de un paciente al que se le realizó una biopsia cerebral por la sospecha de ECJ, siendo confirmada una ECJ esporádica. Para ello llevamos a cabo unas medidas preventivas específicas para reducir el riesgo de contagio al personal sanitario (AU)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. It is an infectious, progressive, degenerative neurological disorder, with a presumably long incubation period, but a rapid fatal course. CJD is transmitted by a proteinaceous infectious agent, or «prion». Because the prions are difficult to eradicate and are resistant to the currently used sterilization methods, special precautions must be taken with all surgical instruments. It is recommended the single-use equipment, destruction of contaminated equipment, decontamination of reusable instruments, use of protective clothing, and storing and quarantining surgical instruments. The single-use equipment and some tissues and body fluids from the patient with CJD are highly infectious and must be incinerated. We report a case of a patient who had undergone brain biopsy for suspected of CJD, being confirmed to have sporadic CJD. Specific preventive measures were taken to reduce the risk of transmission to healthcare workers (AU)

Manejo perioperatorio del trasplante hepático en la polineuropatía amiloidótica familiar con afectación cardíaca / Perioperative management for liver transplant in a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy with heart involvement

La polineuropatía amiloidótica familiar (PAF) es una amiloidosis sistémica causada por la mutación de la transtirretina. La amiloidosis cardíaca, el determinante pronóstico principal de la amiloidosis sistémica, se caracteriza por infiltración del miocardio, dando lugar a cardiomiopatía y alteraciones de la conducción. El trasplante hepático es la única opción curativa para los pacientes afectos de PAF. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 36 años con PAF tipo i con afectación cardíaca propuesto para cirugía de trasplante hepático, la cual fue llevada a cabo con éxito sin eventos perioperatorios de interés (AU)

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a systemic amyloidosis caused by mutated transthyretin. Cardiac amyloidosis, the major prognostic determinant in systemic amyloidosis, is characterized by infiltration of the myocardium, leading to cardiomyopathy and conduction disturbances. Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with FAP. The case is presented of a 36-year-old patient with type i FAP with cardiac involvement, proposed for liver transplant surgery, which was successfully performed without any preoperative event of interest (AU)

Analgesia epidural para la cirugía del trasplante renal / Epidural analgesia for renal transplant surgery

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[Perioperative considerations for performing a brain biopsy on a patient with subtype VV2 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]. / Consideraciones perioperatorias para la realización de una biopsia cerebral en un paciente con enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob esporádica subtipo VV2.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. It is an infectious, progressive, degenerative neurological disorder, with a presumably long incubation period, but a rapid fatal course. CJD is transmitted by a proteinaceous infectious agent, or «prion¼. Because the prions are difficult to eradicate and are resistant to the currently used sterilization methods, special precautions must be taken with all surgical instruments. It is recommended the single-use equipment, destruction of contaminated equipment, decontamination of reusable instruments, use of protective clothing, and storing and quarantining surgical instruments. The single-use equipment and some tissues and body fluids from the patient with CJD are highly infectious and must be incinerated. We report a case of a patient who had undergone brain biopsy for suspected of CJD, being confirmed to have sporadic CJD. Specific preventive measures were taken to reduce the risk of transmission to healthcare workers.

[Perioperative management for liver transplant in a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy with heart involvement]. / Manejo perioperatorio del trasplante hepático en la polineuropatía amiloidótica familiar con afectación cardíaca.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a systemic amyloidosis caused by mutated transthyretin. Cardiac amyloidosis, the major prognostic determinant in systemic amyloidosis, is characterized by infiltration of the myocardium, leading to cardiomyopathy and conduction disturbances. Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with FAP. The case is presented of a 36-year-old patient with type i FAP with cardiac involvement, proposed for liver transplant surgery, which was successfully performed without any preoperative event of interest.